This Guidance Note seeks to clarify the social cohesion conceptual framework and provide knowledge and practical guidance in assessing and designing effective programmes and projects - identifying challenges, risks and dilemmas and implications for programming.  It explores ways in which social cohesion assessments methodologies and measurements can be developed and adapted for different settings. Theories of change in social cohesion programming are explored and critically assessed and practical considerations are offered to guide more impactful, more integrated policy and programming at different levels of engagement.