This Public Pulse Analysis examines the impact of visa liberalization on Kosovo [1]'s economy. It explores the demographics of those who have left Kosovo since January 2024, including their gender, ethnicity, age, education, profession, income level, and settlement, as well as their expectations and plans. The study also identifies their destinations and types of employment and looks into how visa liberalization has shaped perceptions of political stability, economic opportunities, and socio-economic challenges.

The analysis is based on a representative survey of 1,306 participants across Kosovo’s seven regions, reflecting gender and ethnic diversity. In addition, it includes six focus group discussions with representatives from local and central institutions, including businesses to assess the possibility of brain drain, strategies for mitigation, and the impact of workforce emigration on key sectors such as health, education, energy, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).