Prompt and large scale action is needed to overcome the downward trend of losses of large marine ecosystem (LME) goods and services; to mitigate the degradation of LMEs in the face of the accelerating effects of climate change; and to achieve integrated adaptive ecosystem-based management (EBM) of LMEs.

EBM involves a paradigm shift from single species or single sector management to entire ecosystem management, and integrates a science to policy process. Operationalizing the EBM concept is the aim of the LME Approach. The LME Approach provides a five-module strategy for assessing and monitoring LMEs and for taking remedial actions toward the recovery and sustainability of degraded goods and services in LMEs. The modules are focused on the application of suites of indicators for measuring LME socioeconomics, productivity, governance, pollution & ecosystem health, and fish & fisheries, which are incorporated into a multi-country LME strategic planning process through development of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and a Strategic Action Programme (SAP).