This Issue Brief between UNDP and the University of Southern California Institute on Inequalities in Global Health presents key factors to address in mpox responses, as well as lessons for future pandemic responses. It highlights key lessons from the first few months of the outbreak that build on lessons from the HIV and COVID-19 response. The brief provides clear recommendations to address mpox and future outbreaks and pandemics, including the importance of human rights-based and science-driven responses, community engagement, health systems strengthening, and global solidarity.