Eradicating poverty and building prosperity within planetary limits is the central challenge of the new development agenda. That challenge also requires that the future of all people—in particular, those who are most deprived of a decent standard of living—be transformed for the better, within a generation. This report provices an overview of poverty and prosperity in Asia and the Pacific, and considers five regional megatrends: regional economic cooperation and integration; rural–urban transitions; demographic changes; information and communications technology access and connectivity; and increasing demand for natural resources. The report looks at the risks and opportunities presented by these trends and points to promising responses through three interlinked entry points for this agenda: (i) realizing the promise of urban development, (ii) strengthening responses to enduring rural poverty and (iii) providing sustainable infrastructure. The discussion offered is intended to inform regional dialogue and promote coherent policy frameworks for eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in Asia and the Pacific. It also can support governments’ implementation efforts at the start of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be discussed at the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2017.