LocationsBy Sundus Abbas, Gender Specialist
Leadership and Women’s Empowerment in Iraq’s Security Sector
December 26, 2024
Over the past several years, we’ve made remarkable strides in empowering women in Iraq. From identifying groundbreaking successes that have sparked positive change in communities to reflecting on the critical role of women’s groups in connecting local initiatives with broader strategies, much has been achieved. However, much remains to be done in advancing the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda—a critical area where progress has been slow, particularly in the security sector.
As a passionate advocate for women’s empowerment, I have always believed that empowering women in the security sector is especially difficult in Iraq, given the strong societal and institutional resistance. Conservative tendencies often push for the re-establishment of traditional gender roles, relegating women to the private sphere and keeping them away from public life. These social, economic, security, and religious pretexts often disguise themselves as a form of protection but, in reality, limit women’s opportunities. Simultaneously, some conservative groups argue that women and girls do not need protection from domestic violence—a deeply concerning issue.
Despite these challenges, I have long held that women’s empowerment is critical in countries facing crisis, such as Iraq. Empowering women in the security sector has the potential to break down entrenched barriers, challenge the traditional masculinity that permeates society and institutions, and ultimately lead to greater economic independence. I strongly believe that the next generation’s perspective is vital in transforming Iraq’s security sector. This generation recognizes the importance of women’s inclusion in this domain and acknowledges the need for a multi-sectoral approach—one that goes beyond enhancing women’s capacities. We must engage men in the process, create more responsive work environments, and collaborate with senior male leaders. Their involvement is essential to dismantling existing barriers, fostering an inclusive culture, and ensuring that the sector becomes more equitable and effective.
A pivotal moment in my work was during a four-day training session I facilitated for 24 senior leaders from the Ministry of Interior (MOI) and the Ministry of Defense (MOD), focused on empowering women in security institutions. The training consisted of 28 working sessions and was designed to help participants critically assess their roles and contributions toward gender equality in Iraq’s security sector.
Historically, Iraq’s security sector has been dominated by men, a reflection of broader societal norms. This exclusionary structure limits women’s participation and hinders the sector’s ability to respond to the diverse needs of Iraqi communities. In this context, men—especially those in influential leadership roles—have a critical opportunity to challenge entrenched norms and create an environment conducive to women’s empowerment. Their support can accelerate change and lend credibility to initiatives aimed at increasing women’s representation in the security sector.
Through engaging discussions and interactive methodologies, participants in the training began to identify their own roles in challenging harmful stereotypes about women’s suitability for security sector roles. They explored ways to embrace inclusive practices, normalize women’s presence in leadership positions, and promote a culture of empowerment. The support of male leaders proved pivotal in making these changes more meaningful and ensuring that women’s voices are not only heard but respected.
Several senior leaders shared their insights during the training:
- Brigadier Ali Hasan Ali of the Ministry of Interior (MOI) reflected on the early resistance to female leadership in his institution. He recalled that in 2009, male officers were hesitant to salute women in higher ranks, even though Law No. 18 provided for gender equality. “We understood the importance of this change, and so did the women. However, the leadership was insisting to adapt. Over time, however, we succeeded in transforming the institution’s culture and influencing policies and practices.”
- Mr. Ibrahim Khalel of the Ministry of Defense (MOD) emphasized that leadership’s role in women’s inclusion is not merely symbolic. “It is meaningful and impactful. This is why we are actively seeking cooperation with UNDP to enhance women’s engagement in the security sector.”
- Brigadier Adnan Hmood of the Community Police at MOI, stated, “Male leadership not only improves recruitment, training, and mentorship programs, but it also fosters collaboration and builds cohesive teams that leverage diverse perspectives. This, in turn, improves the overall quality of security services.”
The question that arose from these discussions was: What are the best strategies to engage leadership in women’s empowerment?
There is no single, universal answer to this question; the strategy must be built on local contexts and needs. However, the participants agreed on several key approaches that can facilitate progress:
- Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about gender equality and educating both men and women on the benefits of an inclusive security sector.
- Inclusive Leadership Development: Fostering leadership skills that prioritize gender equality and inclusivity.
- Policy and Accountability: Ensuring that policies are in place to support women’s involvement and holding leadership accountable for implementing these policies.
- Success Stories: Sharing and celebrating success stories that inspire change and demonstrate the tangible benefits of women’s empowerment in the security sector.
Engaging male leadership in empowering women within Iraq’s security sector is not only a moral imperative but also a practical necessity. Men play an essential role in advancing this cause, accelerating progress, and enriching the sector’s capabilities. The inclusive future that Iraq aspires to build can only be realized by working together, with both men and women collaborating to create a security landscape that serves and represents all members of society.
The road ahead requires unwavering commitment, collaboration, and a recognition that women’s empowerment is a shared responsibility. As allies, advocates, and agents of change, men have a unique opportunity to champion this cause and help shape a more equitable and secure Iraq for all.
