This report builds directly on the 2010 UNAIDS report, Mobility, Migration and HIV Vulnerability of Populations along the Ports of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden: Synthesis, desk review and exploratory studies. The report provides a literature review and updated situational analysis of the HIV vulnerability factors experienced by key populations in Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen1. It presents a response analysis for activities completed under this initiative in 2011, and to consider lessons from programming experiences outside of the region.