In future, the vulnerability of the Republic of Tajikistan will be determined by the resolution of the poverty problem and developing sensitivity to climate change impacts. Vulnerability of human security systems and a lack of adaptation to the current climate change can already be observed. To a large extent, this is due to the combination of social and economic factors and the inefficiency of monitoring systems for making informed environmental management decisions, as well as a lack of sound use of natural resources and long-term implementation of environment protection measures.