Climate change is taking place rapidly, extremely and unpredictably, severely affecting many regions in Viet Nam, and posing a threat to the country's sustainable development. Coastal areas and deltas, especially the Mekong River Delta, are frequently under severe impacts of sea level rise, saline intrusion and climate-related hazards such as storms, tropical depressions, floods and droughts. The mountainous areas are also frequently affected by flash floods and landslides with increasing frequency.

Over the years, Viet Nam has made many efforts to adapt to climate change. Ministries, sectors and provinces have implemented many activities to strengthen resilience, capacity in climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), and reduce climate change-induced damage. Some ministries and provinces have planned and implemented many CCA activities and have increased investment in adaptation activities. On July 20, 2020, the Prime Minister issued the National Adaptation Plan for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050 (Decision 1055/QĐ-TTg on 20/07/2020). Accordingly, a number of ministries and provinces have issued detailed plans on the implementation of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and advanced investments in adaptation activities. Although CCA activities have been actively implemented at the national, ministerial, sectoral and local levels, Viet Nam has not had a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework to monitor and evaluate process and effectiveness of CCA activities.

The above legal basis and practical requirements have shown the necessity of developing and implementing a National Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation Framework in Viet Nam in order to monitor and evaluate progress and results of adaptation activities in accordance with the national climate change response goals andto realize international regulations and commitments. Once promulgated, the National Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation Framework will serve as a basis for ministries, sectors and provinces in their organization of implementation. Monitoring and evaluation work will provide timely and systematic information to inform the effective management, coordination and implementation of CCA activities in Viet Nam.

The development and implementation of the Adaptation Monitoring and Evaluation Framework is one of the important regulations on CCA as stipulated in Article 90 of the Law on Environmental Protection (LEP). Accordingly, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) was assigned to develop and organize the implementation of the National Adaptation M&E Framework; ministries, sectors and provincial People's Committees (PPCs) were assigned to develop and organize the implementation of the sectoral and provincial-level Adaptation M&E Framework within their scope of management.