Following its Strategic Plan 2022-2025, which elevates LNOB as one of the key components under its three “directions of change”, UNDP has commissioned this study to develop a systemic and holistic understanding of exclusion that will help close the LNOB gaps in the country development. This study aims to provide up-to-date insight into who and why certain groups remain left behind in Cambodia today. The research seeks to explore the circumstances in which certain groups are not being reached by development interventions, as well as to provide an intersectional understanding of these groups. This report provides an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data and recommendations on how these groups can be better integrated into development strategies and planning going forward.