This paper represents a comprehensive update to the first edition of this study, which was published in December 2020 amidst the initial shock of Covid-19. Its purpose is to showcase developments in the delivery of public services and reinforcement of accountability mechanisms in Europe and Central Asia region in the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2021.

Many of the novel approaches in this update represent a focused shift towards implementing durable solutions that will outlast the pandemic.