This report offers an overview of approaches to energy poverty, and support mechanisms targeting energy poverty in the Republic of Moldova. Energy poverty is a widespread issue in Europe, but Moldova is particularly affected by it since the COVID-19 crisis, and the energy crisis at the end of 2021. The main findings present three approaches to measure energy poverty, while also highlight that the overall patterns of energy poverty show that rural inhabitants, women, and people with disabilities are particularly affected by energy poverty in the Republic of Moldova. The analyses and recommendations were used to formulate policy recommendations for the Government to effectively address energy poverty with the most appropriate social policy compensation mechanism.