The Royal Government of Cambodia successfully implemented the Cash Transfer Program for Poor and Vulnerable Households during Covid-19 in response to the economic challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Spanning 46 months, this initiative stands as the largest and longest running social assistance program in the country aimed at supporting household adversely affected by the pandemic’s socioeconomic fallout. Five rounds of impact assessments have demonstrated that the cash transfers yielded significant benefits for recipient households. Key positive outcomes include the restoration of household consumption, enhanced overall well-being and resilience, reduction in the sale of assets to cope with economic hardships, improved access to food and a more diverse diet, and decreased school drop-out rate among children. Importantly, the program did not foster idleness; instead, it motivated recipients to seek employment opportunities and improve their ability to save compared to non-recipient households. Both recipient and non-recipient households expressed appreciation for the government’s social safety net, reflecting increased optimism toward public services, including improvements in service delivery, transparency, and trust. However, as the program had continued, there was a notable shift among recipient households toward greater reliance on cash transfers as a regular source of income. This change led to declining in saving behavior and an increase in new loans and the acquisition of non-productive assets, particularly the immediate impacts of Covid-19 began to wane.